مروری بر روش های کاهش آلودگی پایلوت در سیستم های چندورودی چندخروجی انبوه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

چکیده

سیستم‌های چند ورودی چند خروجی انبوه یکی از سیستم‌های پیشنهادی برای نسل پنجم سیستم‌های مخابراتی بی‌سیم هستند. در این سیستم‌ها در هر ایستگاه پایه تعداد زیادی آنتن (صدها و یا حتی هزاران آنتن) مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد که نتیجه این امر، افزایش ظرفیت، بازده طیفی و همچنین بازده انرژی در مقایسه با سیستم‌های چندورودی چندخروجی معمولی است. تداخل ناشی از استفاده مجدد از دنباله‌های پایلوت یکسان توسط کاربرهای سلول‌های متفاوت در مرحله تخمین کانال، مهم‌ترین عامل محدودیت عملکرد در این سیستم‌ها است که به‌عنوان پدیده‌ی آلودگی پایلوت شناخته می‌شود. در این مقاله ابتدا به بررسی آلودگی پایلوت پرداخته می‌شود. سپس روش‌های ارائه شده برای کاهش اثر آلودگی پایلوت، درپنج گروه با عنوان های روش‌های براساس پروتکل، روش‌های پیش کدینگ، روش‌های مبتنی بر AOA، روش‌های کور و روش‌های تخصیص پایلوت هوشمند دسته بندی شده و مزایا و چالش‌های هر روش مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. همچنین روش پیشنهادی مبتنی بر تخصیص پایلوت هوشمند برای کاهش آلودگی پایلوت ارائه شده است. روش پیشنهادی مبتی بر گروه‌بندی کاربران به دو گروه مرزی و مرکز ی انجام شد. نتایج شبیه‌سازی بهبود عملکرد سیستم را در حضور روش پیشنهادی در دستیابی به حداکثر نرخ فراسو و دقت تخمین کانال نسبت به سایر روش‌های مرجع نشان می‌دهد. همچنین روش پیشنهادی دیگر مبتنی بر بر ترکیب دو روش مبتنی بر پروتکل و پیش‌کدینگ نیز ارائه شده است. در پایان حوزه‌های پژوهشی در ارتباط با پدیده آلودگی پایلوت در سیستم‌های چندورودی چندخروجی انبوه نیز معرفی شده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Review of Pilot Contamination Reduction Methods in Massive MIMO Systems

نویسندگان [English]

  • Dariush Abbasi-Moghadam
  • Ali Afzali
  • Nazanin Kalantarinejad
Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
چکیده [English]

Massive MIMO system is one of the advanced and attractive technologies for fifth generation of wireless networks. In such systems, base stations employ a very large number of antennas (Hundreds or even thousands of antennas). As a result, in these systems, capacity, spectral efficiency and energy efficiency increases in comparison with conventional MIMO systems. In the channel estimation, interference, which is produced by reuse of the same pilot sequences by different users of neighboring cells, is the most important factor in the performance limits. This phenomenon is referred to as pilot contamination. In this paper, pilot contamination is described and then the research works presented by the researchers on this topic has summarized. We categorize the different proposed mitigation techniques for pilot contamination using the following taxonomy: protocol-based methods, precoding methods, AOA-based methods, blind methods and smart pilot assignment methods. Finally, we propose a method based on smart pilot allocation, to reduce pilot contamination. Simulation results show that both uplink rate of user’s increases based on the proposed method and the accuracy of channel estimation improved greatly than exciting methods. Then we propose a method based on pilot precoding and protocol based allocation to reducing pilot contamination effects. In addition, we study a range of challenges and future research topics.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pilot Contamination
  • Precoding
  • Channel estimation
  • Massive MIMO systems
  • Smart pilot allocation
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